Abstract: Literature review and comparative analysis were employed in this study to summarize the incentivemeasures for facilitating orphan drugs R&D in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan region of China. It was found that the incentive strength in Japan was the greatest among the countries and region above, while those in South Korea and Taiwan region were relatively conservative. Yet all these incentives had promoted the development of orphan drugs and their successful implementation experience have provide suggestions for the establishment of incentive measures for facilitating orphan drugs R&D in China.