Abstract: With the continuous development of molecular biology, people have gained a deeper understanding of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Researchers have found that multiple oncogenic driver mutations are closely associated with the development, progression and prognosis of NSCLC, such as EGFR mutations, ALK rearrangement, KRAS mutations, c-MET amplification, FGFR1 amplification, PIK3CA mutations, BRAF mutations, ERBB2 amplification, and DDR2 mutation. Adenocarcinoma(ADC)and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)are two most common subtypes of NSCLC. In this review, we choose targeted therapy drugs of ADC and SCC as an entry point to introduce several potential targets and small molecule inhibitors for the treatment of NSCLC, including EGFR inhibitors, ALK inhibitors, KRAS inhibitors, c-MET inhibitors, FGFR1 inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, BRAF inhibitors, ERBB2 inhibitors and DDR2 inhibitors. We hope this review will be a helpful guide to clinicians and researchers alike by assisting in therapy decision making and acting as a platform for further study.