Abstract: The novel incretin-based diabetic drug, glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1), has a range of physiological effects. The widespread distribution of GLP-1 receptors also determines the pleiotropy of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Recent studies suggest that, in addition to anti-diabetic use, GLP-1 receptor agonists exert neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Therefore, GLP-1 receptor agonists show great potential as novel preventive or therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative conditions. This article mainly reviews the recent pre-clinical and clinical studies about GLP-1 receptor agonists applied in Alzheimer′s disease, Parkinson′s disease, stroke and other neurological diseases.