Abstract: Cationic lipid nanoparticles possessing favorable biocompatibility and controllable particle size have attracted increasing attention in the field of non-viral vectors for delivering nucleic acids in vitro and in vivo. 1, 2-Dilinoleyloxy-3-dimethylaminopropane(DLinDMA)and its derivatives, one kind of most important cationic lipid materials, have been widely studied as the main composition of cationic lipid nanoparticles. This paper summarizes the structure, characteristics and clinical application of DLinDMA nanoparticles.