Abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), a polypeptide secreted by small intestinal L cells, has various effects including increasing insulin synthesis and secretion, suppressing appetite, and delaying gastric emptying. In addition to glucose control, GLP-1 has multiple functions in a variety of tissues and organs. A number of studies have shown that GLP-1 receptor agonists could treat a variety of chronic diseases, including diabetes, through antioxidant mechanisms. Based on oxidative stress, this paper summarizes the current progress in the synthesis & metabolism, pancreatic and extracantral effects, anti-oxidation effects of diabetes and its complications, aging, and neurological diseases of GLP-1, with an attempt to provide theoretical reference to researches on related oxidative stress mechanisms and development of new drug.