Abstract: With the development of biomimetic technology, more and more in vitro models are used to simulate human physiological and pathological processes.These in vitro models can solve some scientific problems, such as studying drug effects in real-timely and visually.As an in vitro model, organ-on-a-chip provides novel means and methods for basic and applied science.The vascularized organ-on-a-chip, as a special kind of organ-on-a-chip, can better simulate the structure and function of human blood vessels.In this review, we summarized the structure and function of different vascularized organ-on-a-chip, analyzed the application of vascularized organ-on-a-chip in simulating physiological and pathological processes, and discussed the advantages and problems to be solved of vascularized organ-on-a-chip as a new in vitro model.Finally, the application of vascularized organ-on-a-chip is proposed.