Abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are clinically used with common gastrointestinal adverse reactions, among which NSAIDs-induced small intestinal injuries (NSIs) are manifested in the appearance of jejunum and ileal mucosa erythema, erosion, ulcer, hemorrhage, intestinal wall perforation and obstruction et al..The pathological mechanisms of NSIs are complex, with a lack of effective prevention or treatment methods.This review summarizes the research progress of the pathological mechanisms of NSIs as well as the prevention and treatment of NSIs by misoprostol, mucosal protective agents, antibiotics and probiotics, traditional Chinese medicines and their active ingredients, nutritional supplements and other drugs in the past five years, in order to provide reference and basis for the research and development of new NSIs drugs.