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基于纳米药物递送载体的肿瘤免疫调控策略研究进展

Research progress of tumor immunomodulation strategies based on nanodrug delivery system

  • 摘要: 肿瘤免疫疗法是利用免疫学原理和方法,激活和增强机体免疫系统并产生免疫应答,达到清除肿瘤细胞的一种治疗模式。许多新型的免疫治疗药物展现出有效的抗肿瘤能力,但复杂的肿瘤免疫逃逸机制使其临床运用仍面临诸多挑战。同时,免疫治疗药物应用人体后,会分布至全身各组织器官,无法实现精准的病灶靶向性,从而引起了一系列的免疫相关不良反应,这也极大阻碍了其临床应用潜力。纳米药物递送载体能够将免疫治疗药物精准递送到靶组织或特定的免疫细胞,增强免疫抗肿瘤效果,同时降低不良反应。本文将以肿瘤免疫调控策略为角度,对近几年纳米药物递送载体在肿瘤免疫治疗研究领域取得的成果进行总结阐述,并对该领域的挑战和发展方向进行展望。

     

    Abstract: Tumor immunotherapy is a therapeutic modality that uses immunological principles and methods to activate and enhance the body''s immune system to generate immune response for the removal of tumour cells. Many new immunotherapeutic agents have demonstrated effective anti-tumour capabilities, yet their clinical use is challenging due to the complex mechanisms of tumour immune escape. Meanwhile, these drugs would accumulate in different tissues and organs in the human body and be unable to achieve precise and specific targeting therapeutic effects, resulting in serious immune-related adverse effects, which greatly hinders the clinical potential of immunotherapy.Nanodrug delivery systems can deliver immunotherapeutic drugs to target tissues or specific immune cells precisely, thereby enhancing immune effects and reducing side effects.This paper reviews the research progress of nanodrug delivery systems in tumour immunotherapy in recent years based on the regulatory mechanism of the anti-tumour immune response, with a prospect of the challenges and development in this field.

     

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