Abstract: To investigate whether rare ginsenosides could alleviate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, bleomycin (BLM)-induced IPF group, rare ginsenoside Rk1 group, rare ginsenoside Rk3 group, rare ginsenoside Rh4 group and rare ginsenoside Rg5 group.All mice except those in the control group were given bleomycin injection.The IPF model was established by BLM for 28 days.The treatment group was given ginsenoside intragastrically at the same time.After the experiment, the lung tissues of mice were collected and the pathological changes of the mice lungs were observed.The content of hydroxyproline (HYP) in mouse lung tissue was measured.The expression of IPF-related genes in mouse lung tissues was detected.In in vitro experiments, Medical Research Council cell strain-5 (MRC-5) was used to induce IPF cell model using transforming growth factor-β1 (10 ng/mL).The effects of four saponins on the expression of IPF-related genes were analyzed by MTT assay, HYP content determination and RT-qPCR.All four rare ginsenosides could effectively alleviate the pathological process such as alveolar structure destruction caused by IPF, reduce the content of HYP, and down-regulate the expression of IPF-related genes, indicating that rare ginsenosides can effectively alleviate IPF.