Abstract: Implantable drug delivery systems, as an emerging therapeutic approach, markedly amplify drug efficacy while mitigating drug toxicity and adverse effects, presenting an innovative avenue for postoperative tumor management. This review delineates pivotal triggers for postoperative tumor recurrence and their respective treatment modalities. Moreover, it comprehensively delves into recent strides in research and development of implantable drug delivery systems following anti-tumor surgery, encompassing implantable such drug delivery platforms as casting implants, electrospinning implants and hydrogel implants. The evolution of anti-tumor postoperative implantable drug delivery systems signifies a promising realm of research, poised to furnish more effective, tailored treatment modalities for cancer patients, heralding a beacon of fresh prospects in their rehabilitation.