Abstract: Solute carrier family 13 member 5 (SLC13A5) plays a central role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, regulating inflammatory response and nervous system function, and promoting cancer progression. SLC13A5 mediates the entry of extracellular citrate into the cell, which not only provides acetyl-coa substrate for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, but also regulates key metabolic nodes such as ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), AMPK, and SREBP-1c to participate in energy metabolism and epigenetic regulation. Recent studies have shown that abnormal activation of SLC13A5 is closely related to metabolic reprogramming and chronic inflammation in metabolic diseases and cancers. Its lack of function leads to neurodevelopmental disorders such as early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. This article systematically reviews the mechanism and research progress of SLC13A5 in metabolic diseases, cancer, inflammation and nervous system diseases, and discusses its translational potential as a new therapeutic target, so as to provide theoretical basis for the precise diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.