Abstract: Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice.However，the therapeutic effects of traditional antiarrhythmic medicines are far from satisfactory，because of the high rate of arrhythmia recurrence and the potential proarrhythmia effect.Recently，with the further investigation of the mechanisms that initiate and perpetuate atrial fibrillation，and the support of extensive data from clinical trials and animal experiments，therapeutics based on anti-inflammation，antioxidation，regulation on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system（RAAS） and gap junction may be new therapeutic targets for the treatment of arrhythmia.In this paper，the potential molecular mechanisms involved in these processes and several clinical trials about some non-traditional antiarrhythmic medicines were reviewed，in order to propose a new idea about the development of antiarrhythmic medicines.