Abstract: Perinatal hypoxia may induce some neural disease of infants. Damage model of fetus rat brain was made by incubation in oxygen and glucose deprived artificial cerebrosinal for the investigation of the protective effect of oxytocin. Electron micrograph showed that oxytocin could decrease the apoptosis. Results of immunohistochemistry experiments showed that oxytocin could increase oxytocin receptor (OTR) and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A β1 subunit (GABA_ARβ1).It was concluded that oxytocin possessed protective effect on neurone damage of fetus rats.