Abstract: The activation of Rho/ROCK pathway and NADPH oxidase play a vital role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.There may be some connections between Rho/ROCK pathway and NOX.The exploration of the mechanisms underlying may be beneficial to the discovery of novel therapy for diabetic nephropathy.Herein,the Rho/ROCK pathway and NADPH oxidase are introduced as well as their stimulus.Further more,their impact on the renal hemodynamic,filtration function and remodeling of extracellular matrix in the process of diabetic nephropathy are described.Some potential targets in diabetic nephropathy associated with Rho/ROCK pathway and NADPH oxidase are also presented.