摘要
研究灵芝孢子糖肽对小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。分别建立四氯化碳(CCl4)、乙醇致小鼠急性、慢性肝损伤,灌胃给予灵芝孢子糖肽65,130,260 mg/kg,测定小鼠肝指数,血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT),ELISA法检测肝组织炎症因子白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)含量,HE染色观察肝组织病理损伤。结果表明,灵芝孢子糖肽可显著降低急性、慢性肝损伤小鼠肝指数、血清AST和ALT含量。在CCl4致慢性肝损伤模型中,灵芝孢子糖肽显著降低小鼠肝组织IL-6、TNF-α及iNOS的含量,改善肝组织病理损伤。上述结果表明,灵芝孢子糖肽可以显著减轻小鼠急、慢性肝损伤,并且具有一定的抗炎活性。
肝脏作为人体最大的代谢器官,参与机体蛋白质、脂肪、维生素等营养物质的代谢过程,一旦出现受损,就可能诱发一系列代谢性疾病,甚至导致死
灵芝作为一味名贵中药材,以子实体入药,含有脂肪酸、多种氨基酸、三萜类、多糖类等物质。灵芝孢子糖肽(Ganoderma lucidum spore glycopeptides,GLSG)是从灵芝子实体中经蛋白酶酶解后醇提得到的糖肽,其主要成分有灵芝多糖、灵芝总三萜、灵芝多糖肽
本研究建立了乙醇致小鼠急性肝损伤以及CCl4致小鼠急性和慢性肝损伤的模型,探索灵芝孢子糖肽对肝损伤的保护作用及作用机制,为灵芝孢子糖肽的进一步开发提供实验依据。
灵芝孢子糖肽(南京中科集团有限公司);水飞蓟素(silymarin)胶囊(德国MEDA Pharma GmbH & Co.KG公司);CCl4(上海中怡医疗科技有限公司);ALT测试盒、AST测试盒(南京建成生物工程研究所);小鼠IL-6、TNF-α和iNOS ELISA检测试剂盒(上海酶联生物科技有限公司)。
依据文献中的提取方法并加以改良,对采收而得的灵芝孢子粉进行低温物理破壁处理;将破壁后的灵芝孢子粉进行二氧化碳超临界萃取,两次分离后,收集油脂和脱脂破壁灵芝孢子粉;将脱脂破壁灵芝孢子粉与纯净水混合后,加碱溶液调节pH至5 ~ 10;加入酶进行酶解,边搅拌边将酶解液升温至90 ~ 100 ℃并保温1 ~ 2 h,得到提取液,分离,收集澄清滤液;加入乙醇,静置后收集沉淀;真空低温干燥后,粉碎过筛,即得灵芝孢子糖肽粉
60只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为6组,每组10只动物:空白对照组、模型对照组、水飞蓟素组(60 mg/kg)、灵芝孢子糖肽低剂量(65 mg/kg)、中剂量(130 mg/kg)、高剂量(260 mg/kg)组。各组灌胃给予相应的药物,空白对照组和模型对照组每天灌胃等体积CMC-Na,给药体积为0.01 mL/g,每日1次,连续14 d。从灌胃给药第4天开始,给药1 h后,除空白对照组外,各组饮用水更换为5%乙醇水溶液;给药第14天上午8点至9点,除空白对照组外,其余各组均按20 mL/kg的剂量灌胃31.5%乙醇水溶
60只雄性昆明小鼠随机均分为6组:空白组、模型组、水飞蓟素组(60 mg/kg)、灵芝孢子糖肽低剂量(65 mg/kg)、中剂量(130 mg/kg)、高剂量(260 mg/kg)组。各组灌胃给予相应的药物,空白组和模型组每天灌胃等体积CMC-Na,给药体积为0.01 mL/g,每日1次,连续14 d。各组末次给药1 h后,除空白组外,其余各组均按10 mL/kg的剂量腹腔注射0.5% CCl4大豆油溶
60只雄性昆明小鼠随机均分为6组:空白组、模型组、水飞蓟素组(60 mg/kg)、灵芝孢子糖肽低剂量(65 mg/kg)、中剂量(130 mg/kg)、高剂量(260 mg/kg)组。除空白对照组外,其余所有小鼠腹腔注射0.1% CCl4大豆油溶液(10 mL/kg),每周2次,连续6
将肝脏左叶固定、脱水、石蜡包埋、切片,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色后于光学显微镜下观察小鼠肝脏病理改变并进行病理学评
与空白组相比,乙醇模型组小鼠的体重、肝指数、血清AST和ALT含量明显升高(P < 0.01)。与乙醇模型组相比,灵芝孢子糖肽给药14 d,低、中、高剂量组和水飞蓟素组均可显著降低肝损伤小鼠肝指数、血清AST和ALT含量(P < 0.01)。结果见
AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferas
与空白组相比,CCl4致急性肝损伤模型组小鼠的肝指数、血清AST和ALT含量明显升高(P < 0.01)。与模型组相比,灵芝孢子糖肽低、中、高剂量组和水飞蓟素组均可显著降低小鼠的肝指数、血清AST和ALT含量(P < 0.01)。结果见
**P < 0.01 vs model group
与空白组相比,CCl4致慢性肝损伤模型组小鼠的肝指数、血清AST和ALT含量明显升高(P < 0.01)。与模型组相比,灵芝孢子糖肽中、高剂量组和水飞蓟素组均可显著降低小鼠肝指数和血清AST(P < 0.05);灵芝孢子糖肽低、中、高 剂量组和水飞蓟素组均可显著降低小鼠血清ALT含量(P < 0.05,P < 0.01)。结果见
*P < 0.05,

Figure 1 Liver histopathological characteristics of mice with chronic liver injury induced by CCl4 (× 200)
*P < 0.05,
*P < 0.05,
目前,临床上肝病治疗仍是一大难题。一方面,肝脏中存在大量代谢酶,参与机体营养物质的代谢过程,药物可因代谢问题在肝脏蓄积而致毒;另一方面,可用于治疗的药物十分短缺,药物治疗仍以中药及复方居多。但由于中药成分复杂,作用机制不明确,若使用不当,也可造成肝损
灵芝孢子是灵芝子实体在成熟期集中喷发后采收制备而成的棕褐色固体粉
本研究建立乙醇致小鼠急性肝损伤以及CCl4致小鼠急性和慢性肝损伤的模型,各模型组小鼠体内肝指数、AST和ALT含量显著增加,灌胃给予低、中、高剂量的灵芝孢子糖肽显著降低3种肝损伤模型小鼠的肝指数、血清ALT和AST含量,减少肝细胞脂肪变性、炎性病灶及气球样变减少,改善肝脏组织病理学损伤。以上结果提示灵芝孢子糖肽具有保肝活性,对该品种的深入研究具有良好的市场前景。
肝损伤往往伴随炎症反应的发生,结果表明灵芝孢子糖肽可以显著降低CCl4致慢性肝损伤小鼠肝组织匀浆炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α和iNOS含量,说明灵芝孢子糖肽可能通过抑制炎症反应而降低肝损伤,从而发挥保肝作用。
本研究应用3种肝损伤模型对灵芝孢子糖肽的护肝、抗炎活性进行了基础药效学的研究,结果表明灵芝孢子糖肽可能通过抑制炎症反应发挥保肝作用,具体的分子机制仍需进一步探讨。
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