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基于快速组装策略的黏着斑激酶降解剂的设计、合成及生物活性评价

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of focal adhesion kinase degraders based on a rapid assembly strategy

  • 摘要: 为快速发掘黏着斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase,FAK)靶向蛋白降解靶向嵌合体(proteolysis-targeting chimera, PROTAC)降解剂、缩短合成与筛选周期,依托自主“Easy-pack”自动化平台,通过模块化点击化学策略,构建脑蛋白(cereblon,CRBN)型FM2-A、冯 • 希佩尔-林道肿瘤抑制蛋白(von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor,VHL)型FM2-B两大系列共12个新型FAK降解分子。Western blot降解活性筛选结果表明,多数衍生物具备浓度依赖性FAK降解效果,其中FM2-A6活性最优,在0.1 和1 μmol/L下FAK降解率分别为50.3%和52.0%,但其降解能力略低于阳性对照。FM2-A6对FAK激酶呈较强抑制活性(IC50=2.32 nmol/L)。机制实验证实,FM2-A6介导的FAK降解依赖靶标FAK结合、CRBN募集及泛素-蛋白酶体系统;分子模拟显示其可同时结合FAK与CRBN,并与CYS502、HIS378、TRP380等关键残基相互作用。理化预测结果提示,相较于对照分子GSK215,FM2-A6脂溶性降低、溶解性小幅改善,但仍存在分子量偏大、口服吸收较差等PROTAC类分子固有短板。构效分析表明,模块化配体与连接链组合可有效调控分子降解活性。本研究验证了自动化快速组装结合活性筛选策略用于FAK降解剂发现的可行性,并为后续先导化合物优化提供了实验和计算依据。

     

    Abstract: To accelerate the discovery of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-targeting proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders and shorten the synthesis and screening cycle, an automated modular click chemistry strategy was implemented using the in-house “Easy-pack” platform. Two series comprising 12 novel FAK degraders, the cereblon(CRBN)-recruiting FM2-A series and the von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor(VHL)-recruiting FM2-B series, were constructed. Western blot-based screening showed that most derivatives induced concentration-dependent FAK degradation. FM2-A6 exhibited the highest activity, achieving FAK degradation rates of 50.3% and 52.0% at 0.1 and 1 μmol/L, respectively, though its degradation efficacy was slightly lower than that of the positive control. FM2-A6 also potently inhibited FAK kinase activity, with an IC50 value of 2.32 nmol/L. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that FM2-A6-mediated FAK degradation depended on FAK engagement, CRBN recruitment, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Molecular modeling indicated that FM2-A6 could simultaneously engage FAK and CRBN through interactions with key residues, including CYS502, HIS378, and TRP380. Physicochemical property predictions suggested that, compared with the reference compound GSK215, FM2-A6 exhibited reduced lipophilicity and moderately improved solubility, though limitations common to PROTACs, including high molecular weight and poor predicted oral absorption, remained. Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that modular combination of ligands and linkers could effectively modulate degradation activity. Collectively, this study demonstrates the feasibility of combining automated rapid assembly with activity screening for the discovery of FAK degraders and provides experimental and computational support for subsequent lead optimization.

     

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