摘要
采用网络药理学方法研究清肺达原颗粒治疗肺炎的潜在作用机制。利用中药整合药理学平台(TCMIP)获取清肺达原颗粒的活性成分及其相关靶标;利用Cytoscape 3.7.2软件构建“成分-靶标-疾病”网络与PPI网络;在TCMIP平台进行GO功能富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析,获取清肺达原颗粒治疗肺炎的“中药材-化学成分-关键靶标-作用通路”的多维网络分析结果,探讨其多成分多靶点多作用通路治疗肺炎的作用机制。在清肺达原颗粒中筛选出474个活性成分和865个药物作用靶点;其核心靶标为NF-κB、TNF-α、MAPK3、IL-1β、PTGS、CASP3等;GO功能富集分析表明药物可能通过免疫调节、细胞凋亡等干预炎症;KEGG信号通路分析表明主要与糖尿病并发症AGE-RAGE通路、IL-17通路、T细胞受体通路、肿瘤坏死因子信号通路等密切相关。清肺达原颗粒能通过多成分、多靶点、多途径的作用方式,从炎症反应、免疫调节等发挥其治疗肺炎的作用。
肺炎是一种常见呼吸道炎症疾病,主要由病毒、细菌感染所
清肺达原颗粒是在国医大师梅国强教授的指导下制定的,该方由柴胡陷胸汤合达原饮加减而成,包括柴胡、黄芩、法半夏、党参、全瓜蒌、槟榔、草果、厚朴、知母、芍药、生甘草、陈皮、虎杖,具有和解少阳、化湿解毒的功效,临床上对发热症状的减轻、病情进展的控制以及肺炎并发症的减轻等具有明显疗
由于中药复方具有多成分、多靶点、多途径协同作用的特点,其作用机制复
本研究运用中药网络药理学的方法,预测清肺达原颗粒治疗肺炎的药效物质基础以及潜在的分子作用机制,建立“中药材-化学成分-关键靶标-作用通路”之间的网络关系,为后续的研究提供理论依据。
清肺达原颗粒共有13味药:柴胡、黄芩、半夏、党参、瓜蒌、槟榔、草果、厚朴、知母、芍药、甘草、陈皮、虎杖。基于中药整合药理学平台(TCMIP)数据库(http://www.tcmip.cn/)收录的中药及其化学成分,建立任务列表,在“中药信息设定项”中对上述13味药材的相关活性成分分别进行检
利用TCMIP平台,使用开源软件OpenBabel(http://openbabel.org/)提取MACCS(molecular ACCess system)分子指纹特征,同时通过“中药靶点数据库”搜索药方中所有中药材化学成分的相关靶标,选择结果中相似性分数大于等于0.8的靶标作为候选靶标,采用二维结构相似性搜索,同时采用Tanimoto系数定义的相似度计量方法,与FDA上市药物的相似性进行对比打
TCMIP疾病数据库整合了Drug Bank(http://www.drugbank.ca/)、TTD (http://xin.cz3.nus.edu.sg/group/cjttd/ttd.asp)、OMIM (http://www.omim.org/)和KEGG(http://www.genome.jp/kegg/)等多个数据库,在“疾病靶标数据库”中以“pneumonia”为关键词进行检索,提取肺炎已知的相关治疗靶标。
TCMIP平台镶嵌了HAPPI、Reactome、OPHID、In Act、HPRD、MINT、DIP和PDZBase等数据库,对蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)信息具有全面的预测, 通过该平台可直接得到“中药材-疾病”靶标之间PPI信息。
运用TCMIP的“中医药网络挖掘”模块,建立清肺达原颗粒潜在靶标与疾病靶标之间的PPI信息,将得到的清肺达原颗粒药物靶点和疾病靶点的交集靶点,导入Cytoscape 3.7.2绘制PPI网络图,并对节点连接度(degree)进行分析,以节点连接度的2倍中位数为卡值,筛选网络中的核心节点(hubs),在构建关键节点子网络的基础上,以连接度、节点紧密度(closeness)和节点介度(betweenness)的中位数为卡值,选取同时满足3个卡值的节点为清肺达原颗粒药物靶点-疾病靶标相互作用网络的关键节点,筛选出核心靶点,为下一步GO富集分析和KEGG信号通路富集分析做准备。
TCMIP平台对KEGG数据库和GO数据库进行了整合,能够直接进行核心靶标的GO富集分析和通路富集分析,得到核心靶标在生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能的相关信息,以及核心靶标参与的关键通路信息,最终将P从小到大排序,取排名前20的靶点的GO分析和KEGG通路分析数据通过Origin 2019软件进行可视化处理。
通过对清肺达原颗粒分析,得到的中药材各自的化学成分数量,如
通过TCMIP平台关联网络挖掘分析,对清肺达原颗粒候选靶标和肺炎进行PPI网络关联,将分析得到的蛋白互作关系数据结果导入Cytoscape 3.7.2 软件中,得到可视化的蛋白质相互作用体系网络,结果如
通过整合药理学平台,分析得出清肺达原颗粒治疗肺炎的核心靶标48个,包括核因子-κB1(NF-κB1)、核因子-κB2(NF-κB2)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、热休克蛋白90α家族A族成员1(HSP90AA1)、RAC-α丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(AKT1)、丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(MAPK3)、磷脂酸肌醇激酶3(PIK3R)、氨基端激酶(JUN)、半胱天冬蛋白酶-3(CASP3)、环氧合酶(PTGS)等(见

Figure 1 Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of candidate targets for the treatment of pneumonia by Qingfei Dayuan Granules

Figure 2 Key targets for the treatment of pneumonia by Qingfei Dayuan Granules
基于整合药理学平台对收集的关键靶标进行生物学过程(biological processes,BP)、分子功能(molecular function,MF)和细胞成分(cellular component,CC)的GO基因功能分析(见
生物过程分析发现,关键靶标基因主要参与了信号转导、对药物的响应、转运状态、G蛋白偶联受体信号通路、腺苷酸环化酶抑制G蛋白偶联受体信号通路ERK1和ERK2级联的正调控、化学突触传递、磷酸化作用、表皮生长因子受体信号通路、血清素受体信号通路、蛋白质磷酸化、G蛋白偶联受体信号通路、偶联环核苷酸第二信使等。对分子功能分析发现,关键靶标主要参与血清素结合、G蛋白偶联血清素受体活性、神经递质受体活性、酶结合、一氧化氮合酶调节活性、ATP结合、蛋白激酶结合、腺苷酸环化酶结合、药物结合、激酶活性、核苷酸结合、蛋白质异源二聚体活化、蛋白激酶活性、腺苷酸环化酶活性、胰岛素受体底物结合、非跨膜蛋白激酶酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性、蛋白质内容复合物结合、肾上腺素能受体活性等。对细胞成分分析发现,关键靶标基因主要参与了含蛋白复合物、树突、质膜、质膜整体成分、薄膜筏、神经元投射、细胞溶质、小窝、突触后致密膜、核浆、轴突、突触膜、核染色质、质膜细胞质侧的外在成分等。推测清肺达原颗粒治疗肺炎的作用机制可能与信号转导蛋白以及活性酶调节、细胞凋亡的基因表达有关。

Figure 3 GO enrichment analysis of biological progresses of key targets for the treatment of pneumonia by Qingfei Dayuan Granules

Figure 4 GO enrichment analysis of molecular functions of key targets for the treatment of pneumonia by Qingfei Dayuan Granules

Figure 5 GO enrichment analysis of cellular components of key targets for the treatment of pneumonia by Qingfei Dayuan Granules
清肺达原颗粒治疗肺炎的通路富集分析结果见

Figure 6 Top 20 metabolic pathways of KEGG enrichment analysis of key targets in Qingfei Dayuan Granules
采用整合药理学平台构建“中药材-化学成分-关键靶标-作用通路”关系网络图(
分析发现,清肺达原颗粒化学成分的作用靶点分布不同的代谢通路,既有一个分子作用多个通路,又有多个分子作用同一通路,共同发挥调节机体水平的作用,体现了药物多成分、多靶点、多途径治疗肺炎的作用机制。

Figure 7 Traditional Chinese medicine-compounds-targets network map of Qingfei Dayuan Granules for pneumonia
star nodes represent traditional Chinese medicine,diamond nodes represent compound,circular nodes represent gene,trilateral nodes represent pathway
肺炎可以由细菌或者病毒等病原体感染导致,若不及时进行干预治疗,易转化为重症肺
网络药理学分析的富集通路中,糖尿病并发症AGE-RAGE信号通路主要是通过激活MAPK、核因子κB (NF-κB)等多条信号通路,促进炎症因子IL-6、IL-1、TNF-α等的表达与释放,从引起炎性反应的发
本研究运用网络药理学的方法,对清肺达原颗粒进行分析,从13味中药中筛选出NF-κB、TNF、MAPK3、IL-1β、PTGS、CASP3等作用靶标,以及糖尿病并发症AGE-RAGE信号通路、IL-17信号通路、T细胞受体信号通路、肿瘤坏死因子信号通路等与疾病发生相关的通路。通过调控上述靶点和信号通路,以及通过解热、抗炎和调节免疫功能等途径,从而达到治疗重症肺炎的作用,从分子层面阐述了其潜在的作用机制。本研究基于网络大数据得到的预测,由于其局限性,研究结果还需要通过动物体内实验和细胞体外实验进一步验证。
参考文献
Zhou DJ. Comparison of clinical characteristics of viral,bacterial,Mycoplasma pneumoniae and mixed infectious pneumonia(病毒性、细菌性、肺炎支原体及混合感染性肺炎临床特征比较)[D]. Suzhou:Soochow University,2018. [百度学术]
Suo T,Fan H,Chen GZ. Advances in the treatment of viral pneumonia[J]. Med J Wuhan Univ(武汉大学学报 医学版),2020,41(3):378‒383. [百度学术]
Wang HD,Lin Y,Zheng JG. Distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in sputum of lower respiratory tract in children with bacterial pneumonia[J]. J Hunan Normal Univ (Med Sci)(湖南师范大学学报 医学版),2020,17(3):146‒150. [百度学术]
Qin X,Hu LZ. Changes of procalcitonin,C-reactive protein and D-dimer in patients with severe pneumonia and their diagnostic value for prognosis[J]. Med Recapitul (医学综述),2020,26(15):3077‒3081. [百度学术]
Chen WJ,Liu M,Guo SY,et al. Clinical observation 83 cases of severe pneumonia treated with Qihuang Yifei Mixture [J]. Yunnan J Tradit Chin Med Mater Med(云南中医中药杂志),2020,41(4):41‒42. [百度学术]
Philippart F,Bouroche G,Timsit JF,et al. Decreased risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in sepsis due to intra-abdominal infection[J]. PLoS One,2015,10(9):e0137262. [百度学术]
Wang ZX,Fan TB. Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of severe pneumonia [J]. J Emerg Tradit Chin Med(中国中医急症),2020,29(5):930‒932. [百度学术]
Lu YR,Ding JY,Liu QQ. Mechanism of immunologic dissonance in severe pneumonia and research progress of traditional Chinese medicine treatment [J]. Med Pharm J Chin PLA(解放军医药杂志),2017,29(4):45‒49. [百度学术]
Yu XQ,Xie Y,Li JS. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (2018 revision)[J]. J Tradit Chin Med(中医杂志),2019,60(4):350‒360. [百度学术]
Qiu X. Clinical lecture notes of severe pneumonia treated by traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Chin Foreign Med Res(中外医学研究),2019,17(16):186-188. [百度学术]
Sun J,Chai LX,Jing W,et al. Discussion of TCM syndrome differentiation thoughts of novel coronavirus pneumonia[J]. Tradit Chin Med Res(中医研究),2020,33(4):1‒2. [百度学术]
Lyu WL. Clinical ideas innovation of febrile diseases based on COVID-19[J]. J Tradit Chin Med Lit(中医文献杂志),2020,38(2):1‒4. [百度学术]
Xu Q,Ba YM,Li WN,et al. Discussing on qingfeidayuan granules in treating new coronary virus pneumonia based on differentiation of diseases[J]. Hubei J Tradit Chin Med(湖北中医杂志),2020,42(4):3‒6. [百度学术]
Wang N,Shen LL,Li H. Technology analysis on TCM hospital preparation in the prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19[J]. China Invent Pat(中国发明与专利),2020(4):50‒54. [百度学术]
Wang Z,Chen YY,Zhang YY,et al. Problems and solutions in study of multi-component and multi-target mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Formulae(中国实验方剂学杂志),2018,24(5):1‒6. [百度学术]
Chen HB,Zhou HG,Li WT,et al. Network pharmacology:a new perspective of mechanism research of traditional Chinese medicine formula[J]. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm(中华中医药杂志),2019,34(7):2873‒2876. [百度学术]
Xie J,Gao S,Li L,et al. Research progress and application strategy on network pharmacology in Chinese materia medica[J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药),2019,50(10):2257‒2265. [百度学术]
Xu HY,Zhang YQ,Liu ZM,et al. ETCM:an encyclopaedia of traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Nucleic Acids Res,2019,47(D1):D976‒D982. [百度学术]
Zhou SS,Li WN,Ai ZZ,et al. Study on the mechanism of Qingfei Dayuan granule in treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking[J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药),2020,51(7):1804‒1813. [百度学术]
Peng XJ,Yang XJ,Xu G,et al. Investigating mechanism of Qingfei Dayuan granules for treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking[J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Formulae(中国实验方剂学杂志),2020,26(16):6‒13. [百度学术]
Ma XB. Microbiological analysis and selection of antibiotic on severe pneumonia infection [J]. Chin J Clin Ration Drug Use(临床合理用药杂志),2018,11(2):90‒92. [百度学术]
Huang L,Zheng YJ,Yang WG,et al. Etiological analysis of 774 cases of severe pneumonia in the area of Shenzhen [J]. Lab Med Clin(检验医学与临床),2020,17(15):2232‒2235. [百度学术]
Khiali S,Khani E,Entezari-Maleki T. A comprehensive review on tocilizumab in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome[J]. J Clin Pharmacol,2020,60(9):1131‒1146. [百度学术]
Tang MG,Ge ZJ,Lu JJ. Treatment progress of severe pneumonia [J]. Hebei Med J(河北医药),2016,38(8):1247‒1249. [百度学术]
Qu JQ,Zheng Y,Yu R,et al. Discuss on the advantages and characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicines in the treatment of pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus(论中医药防治新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎的优势与特色)[J/OL]. J Liaoning Univ Tradit Chin Med(辽宁中医药大学学报),2020. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/21.1543.R.20200519.1555.020.html. [百度学术]
Wang HY,Mei GQ. Experience of Professor MEI guoqiang applying Chaihu Xianxiong decoction [J]. J New Chin Med(新中医),2012,44(12):180‒181. [百度学术]
Wu ZQ,Yang L,Min N,et al. Effect of Qingzao Jiufei Decoction and its decomposing agent on MP infection Bax,Bcl-2,and Caspase-3[J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药),2018,49(2):389‒395. [百度学术]
Qiu T,Li WH,Zhang TT,et al. Distinct MET protein localization associated with MET exon 14 mutation types in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. Clin Lung Cancer,2018,19(4):e391‒e398. [百度学术]
Kotani H,Adachi Y,Kitai H,et al. Distinct dependencies on receptor tyrosine kinases in the regulation of MAPK signaling between BRAF V600E and non-V600E mutant lung cancers[J]. Oncogene,2018,37(13):1775‒1787. [百度学术]
Sun J,Shen JX. Research progress on relationship between inflammation and autophagy with acute lung injury[J]. Chin J Immunol(中国免疫学杂志),2019,17(35):2163‒2168. [百度学术]
Zhang XM,Li TS. Cytokine storm and immunotherapy for post-influenza pneumonia[J]. Med Recapitul(医学综述),2020,26(6):1142‒1146. [百度学术]
Li BT,Zhai XY,Li J,et al. Network pharmacology-based study on mechanisms of antipyretic action of Pueraria Radix[J]. Acta Pharm Sin(药学学报),2019,54(8):1409‒1416. [百度学术]
Wang YJ,Liu YS,Zhang M,et al. Inhibition of PTGS1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells by suppressing NF-kB signaling[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther,2019,10(1):57. [百度学术]
Yuan A,Liu Q,Rao ZL,et al. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of main constituents in essential oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. based on network pharmacology[J]. Chin Pharmacol Bull(中国药理学通报),2020,36(1):97‒103. [百度学术]
Tang Q,Chen S,Gao XD. Advances of mechanisms of metabolic memory-based diabetic complications and therapeutic drugs[J]. J China Pharm Univ(中国药科大学学报),2017,48(5):622‒628. [百度学术]
Yang CM,Yang ZX,Ma XL. The mechanism of AGEs-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy and the progress of Chinese medicine treatment[J]. Acta Chin Med(中医学报),2019,34(9):1864‒1868. [百度学术]
Lu Y,Chen Y,Wang YN,et al. Effect of Banxia Qinlian decoction on Th17/IL-17 immune inflammatory way of Sjögren's Syndrome NOD model mice[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med(中国中西医结合杂志),2015,35(5):612‒617. [百度学术]
Liang JJ,Lv J,Lu LR. The regulation and function of TCR signaling pathway[J]. Chin Bull Life Sci(生命科学),2016,28(2):153‒161. [百度学术]