摘要
研究补骨脂素(psoralen,PSO)对四氯化碳(CCl4)致小鼠急性肝损伤的改善作用及其机制。雌性C57BL/6J小鼠连续灌胃补骨脂素或阳性对照药烯丙基化硫(DAS) 4 d,第4天腹腔注射CCl4,建立CCl4致急性肝损伤小鼠模型。检测血清生化指标丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平;HE染色观察肝脏病理学变化;Western blot检测细胞色素P450 2E1(CYP2E1)的蛋白水平;免疫组织化学染色(IHC)检测CYP2E1的蛋白水平;RT-PCR检测CYP2E1以及炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)的基因水平。与模型组相比,补骨脂素能够改善CCl4引起的炎性细胞浸润以及肝细胞坏死情况,显著降低血清ALT、AST水平,下调炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的水平,抑制CYP2E1的蛋白表达。结果表明,补骨脂素对CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤具有改善作用,其机制可能是通过抑制CYP2E1的蛋白表达发挥药效作用。
关键词
中药补骨脂是豆科植物补骨脂的干燥成熟果实,具有抗肿瘤(如肝癌、乳腺癌、胃癌等)、治疗骨质疏松和银屑病等多种功
由于环境因素与人们生活方式的改变,肝病的发病率呈现逐年上升趋势,其中化学性肝损伤是常见的病
CYP2E1是细胞色素P450的重要亚型,占肝中总CYP450含量的5%~7%,是肝组织中氯代烃类化合物的主要代谢酶,可以代谢产生有毒或反应性中间体,与多种肝脏疾病的发病机制有
目前关于补骨脂素治疗肝脏疾病的报道主要集中在改善肝细胞脂肪变性、抗肝癌以及抗肝纤维化作用方
补骨脂素(批号JZ18071201,纯度大于98%,南京景竹生物科技有限公司);烯丙基化硫(diallyl sulfide,DAS,美国Sigma公司);CCl4(AR级,上海凌峰化学试剂有限公司);RIPA裂解液、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(上海碧云天生物技术研究所);总RNA提取试剂,HiScrip
BT25S分析天平(德国Sartorius公司);Legend Micro 21R低温离心机,Varioskan Lux多功能微孔板读数仪,Nanodrop ND-2000超微量核酸蛋白测定仪,Applied Biosystems StepOn
48只雌性C57BL/6J小鼠分为6组,每组8只,分别为溶剂对照组(Control)、模型组(Model)、阳性药组(DAS)、补骨脂素低、中、高剂量组(PSO-L、PSO-M、PSO-H)。补骨脂素给药组每天灌胃给予PSO 25、50、100 mg/kg(0.5% CMC-Na配制的混悬液),阳性药组每天灌胃给予DAS 200 mg/kg,溶剂对照组和模型组灌胃给予相应体积的0.5% CMC-Na,连续4 d。模型组、给药组和阳性药组在第4天给药后1 h,单次腹腔注射给予CCl4 100 μL/kg(橄榄油配制,体积分数为2%),溶剂对照组则腹腔注射给予同样体积的橄榄油。第5天给药结束后2 h眼球采血,颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,分离肝脏。
另取12只C57BL/6J小鼠,6只为对照组,连续灌胃0.5% CMC-Na 5 d,6只为单给补骨脂素组,即单独灌胃PSO 100 mg/kg 5 d,检测对CYP2E1蛋白表达量的影响。
称取肝组织50 mg,加入RIPA裂解液提取肝总蛋白,使用BCA法定蛋白,金属浴煮蛋白,-20 ℃保存变性蛋白。取等体积蛋白进行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳,在冰上恒流模式下进行转膜,5% BSA封闭2 h,4 ℃孵育一抗过夜。第2天用TBST洗膜,孵育二抗1 h,再洗膜,采用化学发光法曝光。使用Image J进行蛋白条带的灰度分析。
称取肝组织30 mg,加Trizol裂解液1 mL提取总RNA。使用超微量核酸蛋白测定仪检测RNA浓度,在逆转录仪上将RNA逆转录成cDNA。运用实时荧光定量PCR法测定cDNA样品中的TNF-α、IL-6和CYP2E1的基因水平。选用GAPDH作为内参基因,引物序列如
将肝组织的石蜡切片进行脱蜡,抗原修复,封闭,4 ℃一抗孵育过夜,PBS漂洗,室温孵育二抗,再PBS漂洗,DAB显色,苏木精染色,BX53显微镜下观察CYP2E1蛋白表达量变化及肝细胞定位情况。
体重结果如

Figure 1 Effect of psoralen (PSO) on the body weight (A) and liver index (B) in CCl4-induced acute liver injury mouse model taking diallyl sulfide (DAS) as positive control ()
Control: solvent control; Model: CCl4-induced acute liver injury mouse model; DAS: DAS(200 mg/kg); PSO-L: Psoralen(25 mg/kg); PSO-M: Psoralen(50 mg/kg); PSO-H: Psoralen(100 mg/kg)
如

Figure 2 Effect of psoralen on serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (A) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (B) levels in CCl4-induced acute liver injury mouse model ()
##P < 0.01 vs control group;
肝HE染色结果如

Figure 3 Effect of psoralen on liver histopathology of mice in CCl4-induced acute liver injury mouse model (HE staining, × 200)
A: Control; B: Model; C: DAS; D: PSO-L; E: PSO-M; F: PSO-H
如

Figure 4 Effect of psoralen on the protein and gene expression level of CYP2E1 ()
A: Effect of psoralen on CYP2E1 protein levels in CCl4-induced acute liver injury mouse model; B: Effect of psoralen on CYP2E1 protein levels in normal mice; C: Effect of psoralen on CYP2E1 gene levels in CCl4-induced acute liver injury mouse mode
如
如
免疫组化及半定量分析结果(

Figure 5 Effect of psoralen on expression of CYP2E1 in CCl4-induced acute liver injury mouse model by IHC and semi-quantitative analysis ()
A: Effect of psoralen on expression of CYP2E1 by IHC; B: IHC semi-quantitative analysis ( × 100
PCR结果如

Figure 6 Effect of psoralen on mRNA levels of TNF-α (A) and IL-6 (B) in CCl4-induced acute liver injury mouse model ()
#P < 0.05,
在CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤模型中,主要是破坏肝细胞,使细胞膜通透性改变,细胞内的ALT和AST大量进入血液,导致血液中转氨酶水平显著上
CCl4致急性肝损伤模型的发病机制主要是CCl4在CYP2E1的代谢下,产生毒性自由基和,破坏细胞膜结构,使膜通透性增大,引起膜脂质过氧化反应,使肝细胞变性、坏
从Western blot和免疫组化结果来看,模型组的CYP2E1蛋白表达下调,在模型早期,在CCl4的刺激下机体会出现自我保护机
综上所述,补骨脂素对于CCl4 致小鼠急性肝损伤具有改善作用,其可能作用机制之一是抑制CYP2E1的蛋白表达,从而减轻CCl4诱发的急性肝损伤。
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