摘要
考察关节腔注射塞来昔布(CEL)聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)微球对大鼠类风湿性关节炎的治疗作用。以PLGA为载体,采用O/W乳化溶剂挥发法制备塞来昔布微球(CEL-MS)。采用完全弗氏佐剂诱导佐剂型关节炎(AA)大鼠模型,以大鼠足跖肿胀度、关节炎指数、脾脏指数和关节滑膜组织病理学检查作为治疗效果的指标,考察关节腔注射CEL-MS对大鼠类风湿性关节炎的治疗作用。结果显示,微球的形态圆整、表面光滑,平均粒径为(2.1 ± 0.3)μm、载药量为(20.8 ± 0.6)%。体内药效实验结果显示,与灌胃给予塞来昔布混悬液和关节腔注射塞来昔布混悬液相比,在关节炎大鼠关节腔中注射CEL-MS可显著降低关节肿胀和关节炎指数,有效抑制滑膜炎症。以上结果表明,关节腔注射CEL-MS对大鼠类风湿性关节炎具有良好的治疗作用。
类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一种慢性炎症性自身免疫性疾病,病变关节主要表现为炎性细胞浸润、滑膜增生、血管翳的形成以及由此引发的软骨和骨损
关节内注射(intra-articular,IA)治疗药物常被作为治疗关节疾病的方法,该方法可将药物直接作用于炎性部位,提高局部药物浓度,减少药物的全身暴露。然而,传统的关节内注射的主要缺点是药物从关节部位的快速清除,这就需要频繁的注射,以保持有效的药物浓
因此,本研究应用关节腔注射塞来昔布微球(celecoxib-loaded microspheres,CEL-MS)治疗类风湿性关节炎,以减少CEL全身给药带来的不良反应,延长药物在关节腔的保留时间,提高疗效。本研究采用完全弗氏佐剂诱导佐剂型关节炎(adjuvant-induced arthritis,AA)大鼠模型,考察关节腔注射CEL-MS对类风湿性关节炎的治疗效果,以期为CEL-MS结合关节腔注射提高类风湿性关节炎的治疗效果提供科学依据。
CEL原料药(上海萨恩化学技术有限公司,纯度98%,批号GL190103);PLGA7525(德国赢创工业集团,型号:RESOMER RG 752H,批号D160800550);聚乙烯醇(上海国药集团化学试剂有限公司,批号20190620);完全弗氏佐剂(美国Sigma公司,批号SLCC6223);灭火卡介苗佐剂(上海瑞楚生物科技有限公司);西葆乐(美国辉瑞制药有限公司,批号CM2806);水合氯醛(上海凌峰化学试剂有限公司,批号20171204);其他试剂均为市售分析纯。
XHF-DY高速分散器(宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司);BSA124S电子天平(德国赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司);85-1A磁力搅拌器(南京科尔仪器设备有限公司);TU-1810紫外可见分光光度计(北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司);SU8200高分辨冷场扫描电子显微镜(日本日立高新技术公司);90Plus Zeta电位粒度分析仪(美国布鲁克海文仪器公司)。
采用O/W乳化溶剂挥发法制备CEL-M
完全弗氏佐剂的制备:将质量浓度为1 mg/mL的完全弗氏佐剂5 mL放入无菌研钵,按一个方向边研磨边加入灭活卡介苗45 mg,磨毕置4 ℃冰箱过夜,制成质量浓度为10 mg/mL的完全弗氏佐剂。
AA大鼠模型的建立:大鼠腹腔注射10%水合氯醛(3 mL/kg)麻醉后,于大鼠右后足垫皮下注射弗氏完全佐剂100 μ
将SD大鼠随机分为5组:正常组、AA模型组、CEL关节腔注射组、CEL灌胃组、CEL-MS关节腔注射组,每组5只。正常组不做任何处理,其余4组大鼠按照“2.3.1”项建立AA大鼠模型。AA模型组造模后不进行治疗,CEL关节腔注射组和CEL-MS关节腔注射组在造模1 d后于大鼠右后踝关节腔分别注射CEL混悬液或CEL-MS混悬液50 μL,给药剂量为1.2 mg/只,每7天给药1次,连续给药4次;CEL灌胃组在造模1 d后灌胃CEL混悬液,给药剂量为18 mg/kg,每日一次,连续给药28 d。实验期间观察大鼠饮食、排便、毛发光泽、行走步态和踝关节外观,并每4天测量大鼠体重。于造模前和造模后每4天测量大鼠足跖厚度,并计算足跖肿胀度:肿胀度(%) =(测量时间点的足跖厚度初始厚度)/初始厚度 × 100。造模后每4天评估大鼠关节炎指数,评分标准如
采用O/W乳化溶剂挥发法制备CEL-MS。微球SEM结果见

Figure 1 SEM images of celecoxib-loaded microspheres (CEL-MS)
A: Scale bar:5 μm; B: Scale bar:2 μm
如

Figure 2 Effects of celecoxib on the body weight of adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats ()
CEL OA: Oral administration of celecoxib suspension; CEL IA: Intra-articular injection of celecoxib suspension; CEL-MS IA: Intra-articular injection of CEL-MS

Figure 3 Appearance of AA rats′ feet after 28 days of treatment with celecoxib
A: Normal; B: Model; C: CEL OA; D: CEL IA; E: CEL-MS IA
大鼠足跖肿胀度结果如

Figure 4 Effects of celecoxib on the paw swelling degree of AA rats ()
A: Paw swelling degree of AA rats treated with celecoxib; B: Change rate of paw swelling degree of AA rats treated with celecoxib for 9 days; C: Change rate of paw swelling degree of AA rats treated with celecoxib for 21 days; D: Change rate of paw swelling degree of AA rats treated with celecoxib for 29 daysⅠ: Normal; Ⅱ: Model; Ⅲ: C: CEL OA; Ⅳ: CEL IA; Ⅴ: CEL-MS I
在关节炎治疗过程中,各组大鼠足爪肿胀度的变化率结果见
大鼠关节炎指数变化结果如

Figure 5 Change curve of arthritis index of AA rats treated with celecoxib ()
*P < 0.05,
大鼠脾指数结果见

Figure 6 Spleen index of AA rats after 28 days of treatment with celecoxib ()
I: Normal; II: Model; III: CEL OA; IV: CEL IA; V: CEL-MS I
结果如

Figure 7 Rrepresentative histological analysis of joint synovial tissues in AA rats after 28 days treatment of celecoxib
A: Normal; B: Model; C: CEL OA; D: CEL IA; E: CEL-MS IA
关节内注射药物的主要限制是药物从关节腔渗漏并快速进入全身循环,因此延长药物在关节腔停留时间的策略是将药物封装入具有足够大小的颗粒系统。粒径是药物关节内递送的一个关键因素,粒径越大,注射部位的保留量越大,从而提高药物疗
本研究采用弗氏完全佐剂诱导大鼠关节炎模型,评估和比较了关节腔注射CEL-MS 和其他治疗对大鼠关节炎模型的抗炎作用。与AA模型组相比,CEL-MS 关节腔注射组显著降低了大鼠足爪和踝关节肿胀度及关节炎指数,表明其具有优异的缓解炎症和水肿作
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