Recent progress of functional impacts of ubiquitin-like modifications on ribosomal proteins

Ribosomal proteins (RP), components of ribosomes to regulate protein biosynthesis, possess a variety of extra-ribosomal functions which can be mediated by various ubiquitination-like modifications (Ublylation).The Ublylation of RP can result in functional changes and subcellular localizations of corresponding RP, and play regulatory roles on numerous physiological and pathological processes.In this review, in addition to the introduction of Ublylation systems for RP, such as SUMOylation, Neddylation and UFMylation, we summarized recent advances in the elucidation of Ublylation processes for RP and their impacts on cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy and protein fate, aiming to lay a foundation for the discovery and development of novel therapeutics based on the intervention of the Ublylation processes for RP.