Research advances in microsomal prostaglandin E₂ synthase-1 targeted anti-inflammatory drugs

Microsomal prostaglandin E₂ synthase 1 (mPGES-1), the main terminal synthase of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), plays a crucial role in inflammatory diseases. Compared to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), mPGES-1 inhibitors are promising agents for their better specificity and higher safety. This article summarizes the research status of mPGES-1 in inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, systematically reviews the research progress of the development of mPGES-1 inhibitors, elaborates on their therapeutic effects in different inflammation animal models and inflammatory diseases, and discusses the possible existing challenges, aiming to provide some guidance and reference for the subsequent research of anti-inflammatory drugs.