Inhibitory activities of ginsenosides on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome

To screen ginsenosides with inhibitory activities on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, 17 ginsenosides(PPT, PPD, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1, Rg2, Gg₃, Rh1, Rh2, Ro, Rh2, Ro, cK, F1, F2)were used to treat mouse peritoneal macrophages(PMs)induced with NLRP3 inflammasome inducers(ATP, nigericin, or silica). In the present study, the higher anti-inflammatory activity of ginsenoside monomers were confirmed by analysis of IL-1β secretion in PMs. In the group of ATP induction, IL-1β secretion decreased after ginsenoside treatments, the high inhibitory effect was found at treatments of PPT, PPD, and F1(P< 0. 001). At the group of the nigericin, Rg3 also possessed higher inhibitory effect on IL-1β secretion except PPT, PPD, and F1(P< 0. 001). Furthermore, compared with groups of the ATP and nigericin, IL-1β secretion at the group of silica decreased after treatments of various ginsenoside monomers, including PPT, PPD, Rd, Rg3, Rb3, Rb2, F2, Re, F1, and Rh2(P< 0. 001). The present study indicates that PPT, PPD, and F1 can efficiently inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by different inducers.