Progress of intelligent-responsive insulin delivery mediated by glucose oxidase

The delivery of exogenous insulin is very important for the treatment of type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetes.Traditional injectable administration is prone to cause hypoglycemia, while the intelligent insulin system has the advantages of safety, long-term effectiveness, and high responsiveness.Glucose oxidase (GOx) can consume O₂ and catalyze glucose to produce gluconic acid and H₂O₂.Therefore, the O₂ level, H₂O₂ content and pH of GOx system are closely related to the glucose level in the system.This review introduces the application of GOx in closed-loop insulin delivery systems at home and abroad in recent years, which can be divided into single response and multiple response of pH-response, hypoxia-response, and H₂O₂-response according to the mechanism.It also discusses the opportunities and challenge facing by the application of GOx in the future.