Abstract: Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which is an important component of the innate immune system, can recognize a variety of pathogens and cell damage, induce the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, and regulate imflammatory response.More and more studies in recent years have shown that Ca²⁺ signaling plays an important role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by various NLRP3 inflammasome agonists, and is closely related to the occurrence of related diseases.The article reviews the literatures on Ca²⁺ and NLRP3 inflammasome, focusing on the potential role of Ca²⁺ signaling in the activation and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, to provide new ideas for the treatment of illness caused by NLRP3 inflammasome.