Ⅰ型CRISPR-Cas系统效应物的结构特征及其在基因编辑领域的应用

张钰雯; 俞晨霖; 戴心忱; 肖易倍; 陆美玲

doi:10.11665/j.issn.1000-5048.20210604

Ⅰ型CRISPR-Cas系统效应物的结构特征及其在基因编辑领域的应用

1.
中国药科大学生命科学与技术学院，南京 211198
2.
中国药科大学药学院，南京 211198

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.31970547）；江苏省自然科学基金资助项目（No.BK20190552）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-31
- 修回日期: 2021-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-24

Structural feature of type I CRISPR-Cas system and its application in gene editing

1.
School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198
2.
School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31970547) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20190552)

摘要

摘要: CRISPR-Cas（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated）系统是在细菌和古细菌基因组中发现的一种由RNA介导、抵挡外源核酸入侵的适应性免疫系统。通过对靶标位点的特异性识别，结合细胞自身的DNA修复功能或转录调控机制，CRISPR-Cas系统可高效编辑靶标序列或精准调控基因的表达，目前已被开发成为基因编辑领域的有力工具。根据效应复合物组成形式的不同，CRISPR-Cas系统分为1类（Ⅰ型、Ⅳ型和Ⅲ型）和2类（Ⅱ型、Ⅴ型和Ⅵ型）两大类。2类中的CRISPR-Cas9系统作为最早发现且被研究透彻的系统之一，应用范围已十分广泛；而1类系统虽占整个CRISPR-Cas系统的90%，但目前还未有开发成熟的应用工具。本综述以1类中的Ⅰ型系统为例，从亚型分类、效应复合物组装与结构、Cas3蛋白的切割降解机制以及近几年在基因编辑中的应用等方面进行总结，为更好地研究该类别的作用机制及后期的开发应用提供新的思路和方法。
- CRISPR-Cas系统 /
- 效应复合物 /
- Cas3蛋白 /
- 基因编辑 /
- 细菌免疫
Abstract: The CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated) system is an "adaptive immune system" found in the genomes of bacteria and archaea which is mediated by RNA and resists foreign nucleic acid invasion.Take advantage of specific recognition of target nucleic acid, CRISPR-Cas system can efficiently edit their target site or accurately regulate gene expression, and now have been developed into a powerful tool for gene editing.According to the different compositions of the effector complex, the system has been divided into two categories: class 1 (type I, type IV, and type III) and class 2 (type II, type V, and type VI).Class 2 system, like the CRISPR-Cas9, is widely used in basic research due to the earliest discovery and best research.However, class 1 has not been maturely developed and utilized though it makes up 90% of the entire CRISPR-Cas system.In this essay, the classification of subtype, the assembly of Cascade complex, the cleavage and degradation mechanism of Cas3, and the application in gene editing of class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system will be discussed and summarized to provide new ideas and methods for further mechanism studying and application of this category.
- CRISPR-Cas system /
- Cascade complex /
- Cas3 /
- gene editing /
- bacterial immunity

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参考文献(42)

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Ⅰ型CRISPR-Cas系统效应物的结构特征及其在基因编辑领域的应用

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Structural feature of type I CRISPR-Cas system and its application in gene editing

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出版历程

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