Abstract: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major cause of clinical liver injury and a common adverse drug reaction, especially in the elderly and patients with chronic liver disease. Previous studies have suggested that solute carrier (SLC) transporters exhibit “cell-specific” expression during the pathogenesis of DILI, indicating a critical role of SLC in the progression of DILI. Therefore, this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of SLC in DILI across major hepatic cell types, including hepatocytes, Kupffer cells (KCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and cholangiocytes. The correlation between SLC expression in different cell populations and the occurrence of DILI is elaborated. In addition, relevant therapeutic strategies involving SLC protectors or inhibitors are summarized to provide theoretical references for further research and clinical treatment of DILI.